Silicon Nitride Ceramic Parts

Silicon nitride ceramic yog cov khoom siv inorganic ceramic uas tsis ntsws thaum sintering. Silicon nitride muaj zog heev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kub nias silicon nitride, uas yog ib qho nyuaj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Silicon nitride ceramic qhov chaw muaj cov khoom ntawm lub zog siab, tsis tshua muaj siab thiab kub tsis kam.

Si3N4 ceramic yog covalent bond compound, lub hauv paus structural unit yog [SiN4] tetrahedron, silicon atom nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub tetrahedron, thiab muaj plaub nitrogen atoms nyob ib ncig ntawm nws, uas yog nyob rau ntawm plaub vertices ntawm lub tetrahedron, thiab tom qab ntawd txhua peb Txhua tetrahedron sib koom daim ntawv ntawm ib qho atom, tsim ib qho kev txuas ntxiv thiab ruaj khov hauv qhov chaw peb sab.

Zhongwei Precision tau cog lus los muab cov neeg siv khoom hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws nrog cov ceramics siab heev nrog lub zog siab, siab tawv, hnav tsis kam, corrosion kuj thiab kub ua haujlwm. Nws yog ib lub tuam txhab high-tech integrating R & D, ntau lawm thiab muag khoom ntawm precision siab heev ceramic khoom nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm precision ceramics. Nrog rau ntau yam khoom siv niaj hnub high-precision, nws muaj nws tus kheej paub qhov ua tiav ntawm tag nrho cov txheej txheem ntawm cov khoom siv ceramic los ntawm ceramic hmoov npaj, ntsuab lub cev molding, kub sintering rau ceramic khoom tiav.

Khoom Destsab ntawv

1. Cov qauv kev coj ua: lub tuam txhab nruj me ntsis ua raws li ISO9001 ntawv pov thawj, thiab cov khoom tau dhau ROHS, FDA EU ntawv pov thawj, thiab lwm yam.

2. Cov qauv khoom siv: ISO, GB, ASTM, SAE, EN, DIN, BS, AMS, JIS, ASME, DMS, TOCT, GB

3. Cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb: grouting, txhaj tshuaj molding, daim kab xev casting, isostatic nias, 3D luam ntawv

4. Muaj cov ntaub ntawv rau ceramics:

Nws tsuas yog ua tiav cov pas nrig ceramic, cov raj ceramic, cov nplhaib ceramic, daim hlau ceramic, ceramic suction khob, ceramic hniav thiab lwm yam tshwj xeeb zoo li cov qauv ceramic. Cov ntaub ntawv ceramic tseem ceeb yog alumina, zirconia, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, thiab aluminium nitride ceramics. Kev kub siab ua haujlwm, hnav tsis kam, corrosion kuj, acid thiab alkali tsis kam, tiv thaiv magnetic, siab tsis kam. Thiab 3D luam ntawv, thiab lwm yam yog customized raws li tus neeg yuav tsum tau muaj.

Combined tube, nws lub siab hnav tsis kam zoo tiv thaiv cov khoom hnav thiab cuam tshuam.

Txoj kev npaj thiab qhov xwm txheej tam sim no ntawm cov khoom

1. Cov khoom siv yooj yim

Ntau ntawm cov khoom ntawm silicon nitride yog vim cov qauv no. Ntshiab Si3N4 yog 3119, nrog ob lub qauv siv lead ua thiab, ob qho tib si yog hexagonal. Nws qhov decomposition kub yog 1800 degree hauv huab cua thiab 1850 degree hauv 011MPa nitrogen. Si3N4 muaj tsawg thermal expansion coefficient thiab siab thermal conductivity, yog li nws muaj thermal shock kuj zoo heev. Cov kub nias sintered silicon nitride yuav tsis tawg txawm tias thaum nws tau rhuab mus rau 1000 degree thiab muab tso rau hauv dej txias. Ntawm qhov kub tsis dhau, Si3N4 muaj lub zog siab thiab cuam tshuam, tab sis nws yuav raug puas tsuaj nrog rau kev siv sij hawm ntau dua 1200 degree, txo nws lub zog, thiab nws yuav ua rau qaug zog ntau dua 1450 degree, yog li Si3N4 Kev khiav hauj lwm kub. Feem ntau tsis tshaj 1300 degree. Vim qhov tsawg theoretical ceev ntawm Si3N4, nws yog ntau sib dua li hlau thiab engineering superalloy hlau. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv cov chaw uas yuav tsum tau cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj zog, tsawg ntom, siab kub kuj thiab lwm yam khoom siv Silicon nitride ceramic qhov chaw los hloov alloy hlau yog lwm lub sij hawm. Nws yog ntau tshaj qhov tsim nyog.

2. Cov khoom siv

Raws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob kub zoo heev, Si3N4 cov khoom siv ceramic tuaj yeem ua qhov zoo tshaj plaws hauv nws daim ntawv thov hauv qhov kub-kub. Kev txhim kho yav tom ntej ntawm Si3N4 yog: (1) muab kev ua si tag nrho rau thiab siv cov yam ntxwv zoo ntawm Si3N4 nws tus kheej; (2) txhawm rau tsim qee cov fluxes tshiab thaum Si3N4 hmoov yog sintered, thiab tshawb fawb thiab tswj cov khoom zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov fluxes uas twb muaj lawm; (3) txhim kho milling, tsim thiab sintering txheej txheem; ⑷ txhim kho qhov sib xyaw ntawm Si3N4 thiab SiC thiab lwm yam khoom siv txhawm rau tsim cov khoom sib xyaw ua tau zoo dua. Daim ntawv thov ntawm Si3N4 ceramics hauv lub cav tsheb tau tsim qhov xwm txheej tshiab rau kev tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob kub tshiab. Kev lag luam tsheb nws tus kheej yog ntau txoj kev qhuab qhia kev lag luam uas sib txuas ua ke ntawm ntau yam technologies. Tuam Tshoj yog ib qho kev vam meej thaum ub uas muaj keeb kwm ntev thiab tau ua tau zoo tshaj plaws hauv keeb kwm ntawm kev loj hlob ceramic. Nrog rau cov txheej txheem ntawm kev hloov kho thiab qhib, muaj ib hnub, Tuam Tshoj kuj tseem yuav tau ua tiav ntawm cov teb chaws loj hauv lub ntiaj teb kev lag luam tsheb thiab tsim kom muaj koob meej ntau dua rau kev txhim kho ntawm kev lag luam ceramic.

Nws tiv taus kub heev, thiab nws lub zog tuaj yeem tswj tau ntawm qhov kub ntawm 1200 degree yam tsis muaj qhov txo qis. Nws yuav tsis yaj mus rau hauv yaj tom qab tau rhuab, thiab yuav tsis decompose mus txog 1900 degree. Thiab caustic soda daws hauv qab 30 feem pua, nws kuj tuaj yeem tiv thaiv corrosion ntawm ntau cov organic acids; Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ua haujlwm siab.

3. txheej txheem txheej txheem

Nws yog tsim los ntawm silicon hmoov raws li raw khoom, uas yog thawj zaug tsim rau hauv cov duab uas xav tau los ntawm cov txheej txheem molding ib txwm, thiab ua ntej nitridation yog nqa tawm hauv nitrogen ntawm qhov kub ntawm 1200 ° C, yog li ntawd ib feem ntawm cov hmoov silicon reacts. nrog nitrogen los ua silicon nitride. Lub cev tag nrho twb muaj ib lub zog. Tom qab ntawd qhov thib ob nitridation yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub qhov cub kub ntawm 1350 degree ~ 1450 degree kom hnov ​​​​mob rau hauv silicon nitride. Silicon nitride nrog lub theoretical ntom ntawm 99 feem pua ​​tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm kub nias sintering.

4. Txoj kev npaj

Kev npaj thev naus laus zis ntawm silicon nitride ceramic qhov chaw tau tsim sai heev hauv ob peb xyoos dhau los. Kev npaj thev naus laus zis feem ntau tsom rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sintering txoj kev, kub nias sintering txoj kev, atmospheric siab sintering txoj kev, cua siab sintering txoj kev thiab lwm yam. Vim muaj cov txheej txheem kev npaj sib txawv, ntau hom silicon nitride Ceramics muaj cov qauv sib txawv (xws li porosity thiab pore morphology, grain morphology, intergranular morphology, thiab intergranular thib ob cov ntsiab lus, thiab lwm yam). Yog li ntawd, qhov kev ua tau zoo sib txawv heev. Txhawm rau kom tau txais Si3N4 cov khoom siv ceramic nrog kev ua tau zoo, cov hmoov zoo Si3N4 yuav tsum tau npaj ua ntej. Qhov zoo ntawm Si3N4 hmoov npaj los ntawm cov txheej txheem sib txawv tsis zoo ib yam, uas ua rau muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm nws txoj kev siv, thiab tsis ua haujlwm ntawm ntau cov khoom siv ceramic feem ntau yog vim tias cov neeg tsim khoom tsis nkag siab qhov sib txawv ntawm ntau yam ceramic hmoov, lawv tsis txaus. nkag siab txog lawv cov khoom. Feem ntau hais lus, cov hmoov zoo Si3N4 yuav tsum muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov ntsiab lus siab-theem, muaj pes tsawg leeg, ob peb impurities thiab kev faib tawm hauv ceramics, me me particle loj thiab nqaim particle loj faib thiab zoo dispersibility. Cov theem hauv cov hmoov zoo Si3N4 yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog 90 feem pua, vim hais tias thaum lub sij hawm sintering txheej txheem ntawm Si3N4, ib feem ntawm cov theem yuav hloov mus rau theem, thiab tsis muaj theem txaus cov ntsiab lus, uas yuav txo tau lub zog ntawm cov khoom siv ceramic. .

(1) Reaction sintering method (RS)

Txoj kev molding dav dav yog saws. Ua ntej, cov hmoov silicon raug nias rau hauv lub cev ntsuab ntawm cov duab uas xav tau, thiab tom qab ntawd muab tso rau hauv lub qhov cub nitriding rau pre-nitriding (ib nrab nitriding) sintering. Lub cev ntsuab pre-nitriding muaj lub zog muaj zog thiab tuaj yeem ua tiav ntau yam kev ua haujlwm (xws li tig, npaj, milling, drilling). Thaum kawg, ntawm qhov kub siab tshaj qhov melting point ntawm silicon; lub cev ntsuab rov qab tag nrho nitrided thiab sintered kom tau cov khoom nrog me me qhov hloov pauv (piv txwv li, tom qab ntsuab lub cev sintering, tus nqi shrinkage tsawg heev, tus nqi ntawm cov kab shrinkage yog <011 feem="" pua).="" cov="" khoom="" tuaj="" yeem="" siv="" tsis="" muaj="" kev="" sib="" tsoo.="" cov="" tshuaj="" tiv="" thaiv="" sintering="" txoj="" kev="" tsim="" nyog="" rau="" kev="" tsim="" cov="" khoom="" siv="" nrog="" cov="" duab="" thiab="" qhov="" ntev,="" thiab="" tus="" nqi="" kuj="" tsawg,="" tab="" sis="" lub="" sij="" hawm="" nitriding="" ntev="">

(2) Kub xovxwm Sintering (HPS)

Si3N4 hmoov thiab me me ntawm additives (xws li MgO, Al2O3, MgF2, Fe2O3, thiab lwm yam) yog kub-pressed thiab sintered ntawm ib tug siab tshaj 1916 MPa thiab kub siab tshaj 1600 degree. Cov kub nias sintered Si3N4 ceramics siv los ntawm qee lub tuam txhab hauv tebchaws United Kingdom thiab Tebchaws Meskas muaj lub zog siab li 981MPa lossis ntau dua. Additives thiab theem muaj pes tsawg leeg thaum sintering muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau cov khoom lag luam. Vim yog kev tswj hwm nruj ntawm cov theem ntawm cov ciam teb thiab kev kho cua sov kom zoo tom qab sintering ntawm Si3N4 ceramics, Si3N4 series ceramic cov ntaub ntawv uas nws lub zog yuav tsis txo qis txawm tias qhov kub thiab txias li 1300 degree (txog 490MPa lossis ntau dua. ) tuaj yeem tau txais, thiab cov creep resistance Denaturation tuaj yeem txhim kho los ntawm peb qhov kev txiav txim ntawm qhov loj. Yog tias Si3N4 cov khoom siv ceramic yog pre-oxidized ntawm qhov kub ntawm 1400---1500 degree, Si2N2O theem yuav raug tsim nyob rau saum npoo ntawm cov khoom siv ceramic, uas tuaj yeem txhim kho oxidation tsis kam thiab kub siab zog ntawm Si3N4 ceramic. . Cov khoom siv ntawm Si3N4 ceramics ua los ntawm kub nias sintering yog superior rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sintering Si3N4, muaj zog thiab siab ceev. Txawm li cas los xij, tus nqi tsim khoom yog siab thiab cov khoom siv sintering yog complex. Vim qhov loj shrinkage ntawm lub cev sintered, qhov tseeb qhov tseeb ntawm cov khoom raug txwv rau qee yam. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau kev tsim cov khoom siv complex. Tsuas yog qhov chaw nrog cov duab yooj yim tuaj yeem tsim tau, thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tshuab ua haujlwm kuj nyuaj.

(3) Atmospheric siab sintering txoj kev (PLS)

Hais txog kev nce siab ntawm sintering nitrogen cua, kev siv Si3N4 decomposition kub nce (feem ntau nyob rau hauv N2=1atm siab, los ntawm 1800 degree C rau decompose), tom qab ib txwm siab sintering nyob rau hauv qhov kub ntawm ntau yam {{4} } } degree C, thiab tom qab ntawd hauv Cua siab sintering yog ua nyob rau hauv qhov kub ntawm 1800---2000 degree . Lub hom phiaj ntawm txoj kev no yog siv cov cua siab los txhawb qhov ntom ntom ntawm Si3N4 ceramics, yog li txhim kho lub zog ntawm cov ceramics. Cov khoom ntawm cov khoom tau txais yog me ntsis qis dua cov kub nias sintering. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm txoj kev no zoo ib yam li kub nias sintering.

(4) Gas siab sintering txoj kev (GPS)

Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, tib neeg tau ua ntau yam kev tshawb fawb txog huab cua siab sintering thiab ua tiav kev vam meej. Gas siab sintering ntawm silicon nitride yog nqa tawm ntawm ib tug kub ntawm txog 2000 degree nyob rau hauv lub siab ntawm 1 ~ 10MPa. High nitrogen siab suppresses pyrolysis ntawm silicon nitride. Vim yog siv cov kub kub sintering, qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov khoom siv sintering tsawg txaus los txhawb txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Si3N4 nplej, thiab tau txais high-toughness ceramics nrog rau hauv-situ kev loj hlob ntawm ntev columnar nplej nrog ib tug ntom> 99 feem pua. Yog li ntawd, huab cua siab sintering tuaj yeem siv rau hauv chav kuaj Nws tau txais ntau thiab ntau xim hauv kev tsim khoom. Gas siab sintered silicon nitride ceramics muaj siab toughness, siab zog thiab zoo hnav tsis kam, thiab muaj peev xwm ncaj qha tsim ntau yam complex duab nyob ze rau qhov kawg cov duab, uas yuav ua tau zoo heev txo nqi ntau lawm thiab ua nqi. Thiab nws cov txheej txheem ntau lawm yog nyob ze rau cov txheej txheem cemented carbide, haum rau ntau lawm.

5. Kev tshawb fawb txog xwm txheej

Rau Si3N4 thiab Sialon ceramic sintered lub cev, txheej txheem rau kev tsim los ntawm superplasticity tsis tsim cov khoom sib xyaw thiab kev tswj hwm ib lub xeev tau muab, thiab lub cev sintered tsim raws li cov txheej txheem tau muab. Silicon nitride thiab Sialon sintered lub cev nrog ib tug txheeb ze ceev ntawm ntau tshaj 95 feem pua ​​thiab ib tug linear ceev ntawm 50 μm nyob rau hauv ob-dimensional cross section ntawm lub sintered lub cev nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm 120 mus rau 250; Compression ua rau cov yas deformation tshwm sim ntawm tus nqi qis dua 10-1/sec. Cov tsim sintered lub cev muaj cov cuab yeej zoo heev tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.

Si3N4 ceramic yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb. Nws yog cov khoom siv superhard, uas muaj lubricity thiab hnav tsis kam; Nws tsis hnov ​​​​mob nrog lwm cov inorganic acids tshwj tsis yog hydrofluoric acid, thiab muaj zog corrosion kuj thiab kub tsis kam. Oxidation. Thiab nws tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov poob siab ntawm qhov txias thiab kub. Nws tuaj yeem ua kom sov rau ntau tshaj 1, 000 degree hauv huab cua, thiab nws yuav tsis tawg tom qab cua txias thiab cua sov sai. Nws yog qhov tseeb vim yog cov khoom zoo ntawm Si3N4 ceramics uas tib neeg feem ntau siv nws los ua cov kabmob. , gas turbine blades, mechanical seal rings, pwm mus tas li thiab lwm yam khoom siv tshuab. Yog tias cov cua kub ntawm lub cav yog ua los ntawm silicon nitride ceramics uas tiv taus qhov kub thiab txias tsis yooj yim rau kev hloov cov cua sov, nws tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm cov cav tov, txuag roj, tab sis kuj txhim kho thermal efficiency. . Tuam Tshoj, Tebchaws Asmeskas, Nyiv thiab lwm lub tebchaws tau tsim lub cav diesel no.

Txheej txheem tom qab sintering

Cov cuab yeej ua haujlwm: nruab nrog CNC engraving tshuab, tsis muaj kev sib tsoo, sab hauv thiab sab nraud cylindrical sib tsoo, nto sib tsoo, CNC tshuab dhos machining chaw, xaim txiav, tig, milling, sib tsoo thiab lwm yam khoom siv high-precision ntau lawm.

Pwm thiab tshuaj xyuas Fixtures

1. Pwm kev pab cuam lub neej: feem ntau yog semi-permanent. (tsuas yog ua npuas ncauj ploj).

2. Pwm lub sij hawm xa tuaj: 10-25 hnub, (raws li cov qauv khoom thiab cov khoom loj).

3. Tooling thiab pwm tu: Zhongwei yog lub luag hauj lwm rau precision qhov chaw.

Kev Tswj Xyuas Zoo

1. Kev tswj kom zoo: tus nqi tsis zoo yog tsawg dua 0.1 feem pua ​​.

2. Cov qauv thiab kev sim ua haujlwm yuav raug tshuaj xyuas 100 feem pua ​​​​ntawm kev tsim khoom thiab ua ntej ua zaub mov xa tuaj, kuaj cov qauv rau ntau lawm raws li ISDO cov qauv lossis cov neeg siv khoom xav tau.

3. Cov Khoom Kuaj Ntaus: Kev ntsuas ntsuas ntsuas, peb-ntsuas ntsuas ntsuas, ntsuas ntsuas ntsuas ntsuas, micro vickers hardness teser.

Daim ntawv thov

Ua kom zoo dua ntawm lub teeb yuag thiab nruj ntawm Si3N4, nws tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov pob bearings, uas muaj qhov tseeb siab dua li cov kabmob hlau, tsim kom muaj cua sov tsawg, thiab tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ntawm qhov kub thiab txias thiab corrosive media. Cov chav nozzles ua los ntawm Si3N4 ceramics muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev hnav tsis kam thiab kub tsis kam. Lawv tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj tom qab siv hauv 650 degree boiler rau ob peb lub hlis, thaum lwm cov cua sov thiab corrosion resistant alloy steel nozzles tsuas yog siv tau rau 1-2 hli nyob rau hauv tib yam. .Si3N4 glow plug sib koom ua ke tsim los ntawm Shanghai Institute of Silicate, Suav Academy ntawm Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Internal Combustion Engine, Ministry of Electrical thiab Mechanical Engineering, thiab Zhongwei Precision daws qhov teeb meem ntawm qhov nyuaj txias pib ntawm diesel xyaw, thiab yog tsim rau kev ncaj qha. txhaj tshuaj lossis tsis ncaj qha txhaj tshuaj diesel xyaw. Lub teeb ci no yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws thiab zoo tshaj plaws diesel cav ignition ntaus ntawv muaj hnub no. Lub koom haum Nyij Pooj ntawm Atomic Energy thiab Mitsubishi Heavy Industries tau ntse tsim lub twj tso kua mis tshiab nrog lub rotor muaj li ntawm 11 Si3N4 ceramic turntables hauv lub twj tso kua mis. Vim tias lub twj tso kua mis siv Si3N4 ceramic rotor nrog cov thermal expansion coefficient me me thiab cov huab cua zoo, nws tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ib txwm tsis muaj lubrication thiab txias nruab nrab. Yog tias lub twj tso kua mis no tau ua ke nrog lub tshuab nqus tsev ultra-nqus xws li lub twj tso kua mis turbo-molecular, lub tshuab nqus tsev tsim nyog rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob fusion reactors lossis cov khoom siv semiconductor tuaj yeem tsim.

Cov saum toj no tsuas yog ob peb daim ntawv thov piv txwv ntawm Si3N4 ceramics ua cov khoom siv. Nws ntseeg tau tias nrog kev txhim kho ntawm Si3N4 hmoov ntau lawm, molding, sintering thiab ua tshuab, nws cov kev ua tau zoo thiab kev ntseeg siab yuav txhim kho ntxiv, thiab silicon nitride ceramics yuav siv dav dua. Vim yog kev txhim kho ntawm purity ntawm Si3N4 raw cov ntaub ntawv, kev loj hlob sai ntawm Si3N4 hmoov molding tshuab thiab sintering tshuab, thiab kev nthuav dav ntawm daim ntawv thov teb, Si3N4 tab tom ua ib txoj hauj lwm tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv kev lag luam raws li engineering structural ceramic. Si3N4 ceramics muaj cov khoom zoo tshaj plaws thiab cov peev txheej ntau, thiab yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo tshaj plaws nrog rau kev siv dav thiab kev lag luam, thiab txhua lub teb chaws hauv ntiaj teb tau sib tw rau kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim kho. Cov ntaub ntawv ceramic muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev hnav tsis kam, corrosion kuj, kub tsis kam, oxidation tsis kam, thermal shock resistance thiab tsis tshua muaj lub ntiajteb txawj nqus uas nyuaj rau piv nrog cov ntaub ntawv hlau. Silicon nitride ceramic qhov chaw tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov chaw ua haujlwm hnyav uas cov hlau lossis cov khoom siv polymer tsis muaj peev xwm, thiab cov khoom siv silicon nitride ceramics muaj cov ntawv thov dav dav. Tom qab cov ntaub ntawv hlau thiab cov ntaub ntawv polymer, nws tau dhau los ua cov khoom siv tseem ceeb uas txhawb nqa kev lag luam hauv lub xyoo pua 21st, thiab tau dhau los ua ib qho kev tshawb fawb tshaj plaws. Niaj hnub no, cov teb chaws thoob ntiaj teb muab qhov tseem ceeb rau nws txoj kev tshawb fawb thiab kev loj hlob. Raws li cov tswv cuab tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob kub kub hauv tsev neeg Thawj Si3N4 ceramics muaj cov khoom siv zoo heev, thermal zog thiab tshuaj lom neeg ruaj khov dua li lwm cov khoom siv kub kub xws li oxide ceramics thiab carbide ceramics. Yog li ntawd, lawv tau suav hais tias yog cov khoom lag luam zoo tshaj plaws hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob kub kub.