Titanium Alloy Golf Lub Taub Hau Hlau Txhaj Tshuaj

Titanium thiab titanium alloy hlau txhaj tshuaj molding (MIM) thev naus laus zis tuaj yeem paub qhov kev npaj loj thiab tus nqi qis ntawm cov khoom me me thiab nruab nrab ntawm cov khoom siv titanium, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txhawb nqa kev tsim khoom thiab kev siv titanium thiab titanium alloy. cov khoom. Qinhuangdao Zhongwei Precision Machinery Co., Ltd. yog ib phau ntawm tooj liab alloy hlau txhaj tshuaj molding, hlau-raws li hlau txhaj tshuaj molding, stainless hlau-raws li hlau txhaj tshuaj molding, aluminium alloy hlau txhaj tshuaj molding, nickel alloy hlau txhaj molding, cobalt alloy hlau txhaj tshuaj. molding, tungsten alloy hlau txhaj tshuaj molding Ib qho kev lag luam high-tech integrating R & D, ntau lawm thiab muag ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj molding, Titanium alloy golf taub hau hlau txhaj tshuaj qhov chaw, cemented carbide hlau txhaj tshuaj molding, thiab hmoov metallurgy yam ntxwv yam.

Khoom Destsab ntawv

1. Cov qauv kev coj ua: lub tuam txhab nruj me ntsis ua raws li ISO9001, ISO14001, IATF16949 ntawv pov thawj

Cov khoom tau dhau daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm ROHS, FDA EU, thiab lwm yam.

2. Cov qauv khoom siv: ISO, GB, ASTM, SAE, EN, DIN, BS, AMS, JIS, ASME, DMS, TOCT, GB

3. Cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb: hlau txhaj tshuaj MIM, hmoov metallurgy PM, peev casting, tuag-casting txhuas,

4. Muaj cov ntaub ntawv rau hmoov metallurgy:

Copper alloys, hlau hauv paus, titanium alloys, stainless hlau hauv paus, aluminium alloys, nickel alloys, cobalt alloys, tungsten alloys, cemented carbides, hydroxy alloys, mos magnetic ntaub ntawv thiab 3D luam ntawv tuaj yeem kho raws li cov neeg siv khoom xav tau.

Kev tshawb nrhiav thiab kev siv

Cov txheej txheem hlau hmoov txhaj tshuaj molding feem ntau suav nrog ntau yam txheej txheem xws li kev npaj cov khoom siv tshuaj, kev txhaj tshuaj molding, debonding, sintering thiab tsim nyog tom qab ua tiav.

Raws li pom nyob rau hauv daim duab 1, cov hmoov hlau thiab cov organic binder Cheebtsam yog tov, kneaded thiab granulated los npaj ib tug txhaj tshuaj, thiab ces cov khoom txhaj tshuaj yog txhaj rau hauv pwm ntawm ib tug tej yam kub thiab siab, thiab tom qab txias, nws yog demolded rau tau cov khoom siv txhaj tshuaj tshwj xeeb. Lub cev ntsuab ntawm cov khoom zoo li tus tom qab ntawd raug rau cov txheej txheem debonding kom tshem tawm tag nrho cov khoom siv organic tshwj tsis yog cov hmoov hlau uas muaj nyob rau hauv lub cev ntsuab kom dhau los ua lub cev debonded, thiab thaum kawg sintered kom tau txais Titanium alloy golf taub hau hlau txhaj tshuaj nrog cov khoom xav tau.

Hlau hmoov txhaj tshuaj molding tshuab paub txog cov organic ua ke ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj molding thiab tsoos hmoov metallurgy tshuab, kov yeej tus nqi siab ntawm machining txheej txheem, cov qauv yooj yim ntawm cov txheej txheem molding, tsis tshua muaj kev ua tau zoo ntawm isostatic nias thiab grouting txheej txheem, thiab cov txheej txheem casting. . Qhov tsis zoo ntawm ntau yam tsis xws luag thiab tsis kam lees qhov tseeb tau txhawb nqa ntau lawm thiab siv cov khoom siv titanium thiab titanium alloy (raws li qhia hauv daim duab 2).

Fig.1 Flow daim ntawv ntawm titanium thiab titanium alloys tsim los ntawm MIM

Fig.2 Daim ntawv thov ntawm titanium thiab titanium alloys tsim los ntawm MIM

Cov nram qab no qhia txog cov yam ntxwv thiab qhov zoo ntawm Titanium alloy golf taub hau hlau txhaj tshuaj qhov chaw, thiab xaus cov kev tshawb fawb kev kawm ntawm titanium thiab titanium alloy hlau hmoov txhaj tshuaj molding tshuab los ntawm hmoov raw cov ntaub ntawv, feem ntau siv binder systems, txhaj molding, debonding thiab sintering. Cov teeb meem tseem ceeb muaj nyob, thiab kev tshawb fawb kev taw qhia ntawm titanium thiab titanium alloy hlau hmoov txhaj tshuaj molding yog soj ntsuam.

1. Kev tshawb fawb ntawm titanium thiab titanium alloy hlau hmoov txhaj tshuaj molding

Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias cov khoom siv kho tshuab, kev tiv thaiv corrosion thiab biomedical zog ntawm titanium thiab titanium alloy txhaj tshuaj molded cov khoom raug cuam tshuam zoo heev los ntawm cov txheeb ze ntom ntom, impurity cov ntsiab lus, alloying ntsiab thiab microstructure.

Tom qab txhaj tshuaj molding khoom yog sintered, nws cov txheeb ze ntom yog li ntawm 95 feem pua, thiab yuav muaj ib feem ntawm residual pores.

Cov pores residual no yuav dhau los ua qhov chaw ntawm cov kab nrib pleb thaum cov qauv tawg, thiab muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau cov khoom siv ntawm cov khoom xws li tensile zog, ductility, tawg toughness thiab qaug zog. Yog li ntawd, qhov siab dua qhov txheeb ze ntawm titanium thiab titanium alloy txhaj tshuaj molding khoom, Nws cov khoom siv tshuab zoo dua.

Cov ntsiab lus impurity xws li oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, thiab lwm yam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov pa oxygen, yuav ua rau kom muaj zog, tensile zog thiab hardness ntawm cov khoom, thiab txo cov ductility. Cov ntsiab lus impurity yog yaj nyob rau hauv matrix titanium ntawm sintering kub. Txij li thaum tsis muaj kev txo tus neeg sawv cev zoo, nws yog qhov nyuaj los tswj cov impurity ntsiab ntawm titanium thiab titanium alloys thaum lub sij hawm sintering. kom muaj nuj nqis.

Lub microstructure ntawm titanium thiab titanium alloys, nrog rau cov nplej loj thiab theem muaj pes tsawg leeg tom qab sintering, tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau cov khoom siv kho tshuab. Noj ua ke, kev txhaj tshuaj-moulded titanium thiab titanium alloy cov ntaub ntawv muaj qhov ua tau zoo dua, feem ntau cov ntsiab lus oxyo, feem ntau cov qoob loo thiab tsawg dua cov tsis xws luag thaum ua kom nruj.

1.1 Hmoov raw khoom

Kev xaiv cov hmoov raw khoom yog ib kauj ruam tseem ceeb hauv titanium hmoov txhaj tshuaj molding txheej txheem. Qhov loj me me faib thiab morphology ntawm cov hmoov ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau cov flowability thiab formability ntawm cov khoom txhaj tshuaj, cov duab tuav ntawm lub cev ntsuab thaum lub sij hawm debonding thiab shrinkage thaum sintering.

Tam sim no, feem ntau siv titanium thiab titanium alloy hmoov npaj cov txheej txheem suav nrog cov txheej txheem tshuab thiab atomization txoj kev.

Cov duab ntawm cov hmoov tau txais los ntawm kev siv tshuab milling (xws li pob milling, nplawm pob milling, lub zog siab vibration pob milling thiab dav hlau milling, thiab lwm yam) feem ntau tsis xwm yeem lossis angular.

Hydrogenation dehydrogenization (HDH) txheej txheem yog siv kom zoo dua qhov pom tseeb embrittlement ntawm titanium tom qab hydrogen nqus dej, tsoo nws los ntawm kev sib tsoo los yog dav hlau pulverization, thiab tom qab ntawd dehydrogenation kom tau cov hmoov tsis zoo li titanium hmoov, raws li qhia hauv daim duab 3 (a) qhia. . Atomization txoj kev (xws li inert gas atomization, plasma beam rotating electrode atomization, thiab electrode induction melting gas atomization) tuaj yeem nqa tawm hauv qhov chaw tsis muaj zog kom tswj tau siab purity ntawm cov hmoov nyoos, uas ua rau cov duab kheej kheej thiab qhov loj me me. dav heev thiab muaj cov khoom ntim zoo, raws li qhia hauv daim duab 3(b).

Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov sib txawv ntawm kev tsim cov tshuab steel hmoov, titanium hmoov nrog finer particle loj yog nyuaj rau tsim. Raws li qhov loj me me zuj zus, qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov chaw nce, thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm impurity ntsiab kuj nce.

Feem ntau, qhov loj me ntawm titanium hmoov siv hauv MIM yog tsawg dua 45 μm. Thaum lub particle loj ntawm cov hmoov loj dhau lawm, cov hmoov-binder sib cais tshwm sim yuav tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm txhaj tshuaj, ua rau muaj qhov tsis xws luag. Nws yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab tag nrho hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv txhaj tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab pwm tsim.

Fig.3 HDH (a) thiab roj atomized (b) titanium hmoov siv hauv MIM

1.2 Cov ntaub ntawv

Lub binder yog cov khoom thauj uas muaj nyob rau hauv cov theem thoob plaws hauv cov txheej txheem txhaj tshuaj molding. Nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog ua kom cov hmoov ntim cov pwm sib npaug hauv cov kua dej, tsim cov duab uas xav tau, thiab tswj nws kom txog rau thaum lub sijhawm ua ntej sintering.

Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem txhaj tshuaj molding, lub binder yuav tsum muaj cov yam ntxwv nram qab no: tsawg melting point, zoo wettability rau hmoov hais thiab ceev curing, uas yog yooj yim rau kev npaj cov ntaub ntawv txhaj tshuaj; zoo fluidity ntawm txhaj tshuaj kub; tom qab molding Nws tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm yooj yim los ntawm lub cev ntsuab, thiab muaj cov khoom seem tsawg dua, thiab cov khoom decomposition yog non-toxic thiab non-corrosive.

Feem ntau, lub binder tivthaiv muaj tsawg kawg yog ib feem tseem ceeb thiab ib tug thib ob Cheebtsam:

Lub ntsiab tivthaiv yog siv los ntub cov hmoov hlau hmoov thiab muab qhov tsim nyog fluidity, thaum lub thib ob tivthaiv xyuas kom meej tias lub cev txhaj tshuaj tseem muaj lub zog txaus thaum lub sij hawm txhaj tshuaj thiab tom qab tshem tawm cov binder lub ntsiab tivthaiv.

Feem ntau, cov txheej txheem binder muaj qhov thib peb, xws li surfactant, txhawm rau txhim kho kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov hmoov hlau thiab cov polymer.

Raws li cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov nplaum nplaum, cov tshuab siv nplaum feem ntau tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov tshuab siv quav ciab, cov tshuab ua kom muaj ntxhiab tsw qab, cov tshuab polyoxymethylene, thiab cov tshuab dej.

1.2.1 Wax-raws li nplaum nplaum

Feem ntau siv waxes rau wax-raws li system binders muaj xws li ob peb luv-chain polymers xws li paraffin, beeswax, thiab xibtes wax. Lawv muaj cov ntsiab lus melting tsawg, zoo wettability, luv molecular chains, thiab viscosity tsawg, thiab lawv cov ntim hloov me dua li lwm cov polymers thaum decomposed. , uas yog qhov zoo los xyuas kom meej qhov tseeb ntawm qhov khoom.

Cov khoom siv thib ob ntawm cov khoom siv siv quav ciab yog polypropylene, polyethylene, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer thiab siab molecular hnyav polymethyl methacrylate, thiab lwm yam. Ntxiv nrog rau cov quav ciab thiab cov pob txha caj qaum, ib qho chaw ua haujlwm, xws li stearic acid. txhim kho kev sib raug zoo ntawm hmoov thiab polymer.

Qhov ntxov tshaj wax-based binder system qhia nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv yog Kaneko li al. siv paraffin-poly-n-butyl methacrylate-ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer-dibutyl phthalate ua cov ntawv khi rau sib xyaw nrog titanium hmoov los npaj cov ntaub ntawv txhaj tshuaj. , hmoov loading ntawm 56 feem pua, thiab sintered ntawm 1300 degree thiab 1.3 Pa tom qab debonding. Cov qauv tau txais sintered muaj qhov txheeb ze ntawm 94 feem pua ​​​​thiab lub zog compressive ntawm 1000 MPa, tab sis yuav luag tsis muaj ductility vim yog cov ntsiab lus impurity siab dhau.

tau kawm txog ob kauj ruam debonding txheej txheem sib txuas lub tshuab nqus tsev debonding thiab argon cua debonding, uas txo cov pa roj carbon thiab oxygen cov ntsiab lus hauv sintered qhov chaw.

Guo et al. hloov ib feem ntawm paraffin nrog polyethylene glycol nrog zoo wettability, tsim ib tug paraffin-polyethylene glycol-polyethylene-polypropylene-stearic acid binder system, thiab siv nyob rau hauv txhaj molding ntawm ntshiab titanium thiab titanium-aluminium-vanadium alloy, sintered qhov chaw. muaj cov duab zoo khaws cia thiab me me qhov hloov pauv. Vim qhov txo qis ntawm cov pa oxygen thiab cov ntsiab lus carbon, qhov kev ua tau zoo kuj tseem txhim kho, thiab kev ua tau zoo dua tau txais.

Tsis tas li ntawd, qee cov kws tshawb fawb siv cov xibtes siv los hloov cov roj paraffin thiab cov roj xibtes los hloov cov tshuaj paraffin tag nrho [14] rau cov khoom siv wax-based binder systems, thiab cov nyhuv tsim kuj zoo heev, tab sis vim tias cov pa oxygen muaj nyob rau hauv xibtes wax nws tus kheej kuj yog Oxygen qhov chaw, yog li cov pa roj carbon thiab cov pa oxygen ntawm cov khoom kawg yog me ntsis siab dua, thiab cov khoom siv kho tshuab tsis zoo li cov kab ke paraffin.

Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ciab-raws li binder system qhia nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv yog npaj los ntawm Friederici li al. . Thaum lub sij hawm sim, qhov sib piv ntawm paraffin, low-density polyethylene thiab stearic acid tau hloov kho los ua plaub qhov sib piv. Los ntawm kev tsim, debonding thiab sintering txheej txheem ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj sib txawv, cov qauv nrog cov txheeb ze ntom ntom ntawm 98.1 feem pua ​​thiab cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg txaus siab rau qib siab ntshiab titanium tau txais.

Wax-based binder system tuav txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txhaj tshuaj molding, tab sis vim tias siv cov khoom siv raw khoom siv cov kuab tshuaj organic rau cov kuab tshuaj debonding thiab muaj cov degreasing tsawg, cov kws tshawb fawb txuas ntxiv tsim kho tshiab ntawm lub hauv paus no thiab tsim cov nplaum tshiab. tus neeg sawv cev system.

1.2.2 Aromatic compound-raws li adhesives

Cov tshuaj tsw qab (xws li naphthalene, anthracene, thiab lwm yam) tuaj yeem yaj ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej tsis tshua muaj siab, lawv tuaj yeem hloov pauv ncaj qha los ntawm cov khib nyiab mus rau cov pa roj los ntawm sublimation ntawm qhov kub qis dua lawv qhov chaw melting. Cov tshuaj tsw qab yog siv los ua cov khoom sib txuas. Kev sib cais tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem debonding.

Weil et al. siv cov tshuaj tsw qab hauv titanium hmoov txhaj tshuaj molding. Hauv nws txoj kev tshawb fawb, titanium-aluminium-vanadium alloys ntom ntom thiab ntxeem tau titanium-aluminium-vanadium alloys tau npaj siv naphthalene, 1 feem pua ​​​​stearic acid thiab 3 feem pua ​​-12 feem pua ​​​​ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer ua binders.

Thaum lub sij hawm sim, txij li thaum naphthalene tau ncaj qha sublimated rau hauv cov pa thiab tawm, tsis muaj cov theem ua kua tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm debonding txheej txheem, thiab cov qauv ntim tsis hloov, thiab tsis zoo li hnyav degreasing, lub zog nto koom nrog hauv sublimation txoj kev yog tsawg, uas txhais tau tias ntau. degreasing qhov tsis xws li deformation. , tawg, thiab lwm yam tuaj yeem zam tau, qhov kev sim thaum kawg tau txais qhov txheeb ze ntawm cov qauv sintered 96.6 feem pua, thiab cov ntsiab lus carbon tsis nce.

Txawm hais tias lub kaw lus binder tau ua tiav cov khoom lag luam zoo, cov tshuaj tsw qab hauv lub cev tseem muaj kev cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig thiab kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lub cev, thiab tsis tau ua raws li kev tshawb fawb thiab kev siv loj.

1.2.3 POM-raws li nplaum nplaum

Polyoxymethylene yog thawj zaug siv rau hauv cov nplaum nplaum los ntawm Celanese Corp hauv xyoo 1984, thiab tom qab ntawd tsim los ntawm BASF, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua rau cov nplaum nplaum tsis muaj cov khoom siv wax thiab cov khoom hnyav molecular.

Polyoxymethylene yog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm txoj hlua khi, thiab polyethylene (PE) tau maj mam ntxiv los ua cov pob txha pob txha hauv cov txheej txheem kev txhim kho tom qab.

Raws li cov txheej txheem khi no, BASF tam sim no tsim cov tshuaj molding sib txuas npog ntau yam ntaub ntawv suav nrog cov hlau tsis tshua muaj hlau, stainless hlau, cov cuab yeej steel, titanium thiab titanium alloys thiab ceramics.

Cov yam ntxwv zoo kawg nkaus ntawm polyoxymethylene yog tias nws muaj kev nkag siab ntau dua rau acidic reagents thiab nws yooj yim rau acid decomposition. Yog li ntawd, los ntawm kev kho lub cev ntsuab nyob rau hauv ib qho acidic cua qis dua nws softening kub, lub polyoxymethylene yog nyob rau hauv ib tug khoom lub xeev, uas tsis txhob muaj xws li cov kab nrib pleb thiab expansion tshwm sim los ntawm lub boiling ntawm lub binder Cheebtsam, thiab muaj me me deformation thiab zoo zoo tuav. . Precise loj tswj.

Tsis tas li ntawd, vim muaj qhov sib txawv loj, piv nrog rau lwm txoj kev degreasing, tus nqi degreasing yog siab dua, uas tuaj yeem ncav cuag 10 npaug ntawm tus nqi debonding ntawm cov kuab tshuaj ib txwm muaj, thaum tso cai rau cov khoom hnyav dua.

Txawm hais tias POM-raws li cov nplaum nplaum muaj ntau yam zoo li saum toj no, nws kuj muaj ntau qhov tsis zoo.

Cov corrosive nitric acid vapor feem ntau yog siv los ua cov catalyst hauv cov txheej txheem catalytic debonding. Ntawm qhov tod tes, polyoxymethylene tuaj yeem decompose thaum lub sijhawm npaj ua ntej txhaj tshuaj thiab txhaj tshuaj molding, ua rau muaj tshuaj lom formaldehyde, thiab cov khoom decomposition yuav tsum tau hlawv hauv ob kauj ruam. Ntawm qhov tod tes, cov huab cua acidic uas ua lub luag haujlwm catalytic yog ntau corrosive rau cov khoom siv thiab yuav tsum tau nqis peev ntau.

1.2.4 Dej-raws li adhesives

Cov debonding cov kuab tshuaj (xws li heptane thiab hexane) los yog cov khoom decomposition ntawm cov binder Cheebtsam (aromatic monomers thiab formaldehyde) siv nyob rau hauv lub aforementioned binder systems yog ntau los yog tsawg teeb meem rau ib puag ncig thiab cov tswv. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev los tsim ib lub binder system siv ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg cov kuab tshuaj.

Ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg binder systems uas twb muaj lawm siv dej ua cov kuab tshuaj debonding.

Raws li lub luag haujlwm sib txawv ntawm cov dej hauv kev npaj cov ntaub ntawv txhaj tshuaj, cov txheej txheem khi no tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob hom: gel-raws li thiab tsis-gel-raws li.

Ib qho kev siv polymer feem ntau rau cov tshuab tsis-gel yog polyethylene glycol, uas muaj cov khoom zoo dua thiab pheej yig thiab yooj yim. Tsawg molecular phaus polyethylene glycols tuaj yeem sai thiab yuav luag tag nrho ntawm 60 degree, thiab qhov hnyav molecular ntawm feem ntau siv polyethylene glycols ntau ntawm 500 txog 2000. Cov pob txha pob txha siv feem ntau yog polymethyl methacrylate nrog qhov hnyav ntawm 10,000.

siv cov dej-soluble binder tivthaiv ntawm polyethylene glycol-polymethyl methacrylate-stearic acid ntawm cov hmoov thauj khoom ntawm 69 feem pua.

Hauv kev sim, polyethylene glycol raug tshem tawm tag nrho hauv dej ntawm 55 degree rau 5 h, thiab polymethyl methacrylate raug tshem tawm tag nrho hauv cov kub debonded argon ntws ntawm 44 0 degree . Cov ntsiab lus oxygen kawg (feem ntau) ntawm cov qauv npaj yog 0.2 feem pua, qhov sib thooj tensile lub zog yog 850 ~ 880 MPa, thiab elongation yog 8.5 feem pua ​​~ 16 feem pua, uas ua tau raws li ASTM qib 5 Ti tus qauv.

Feem ntau ntawm cov gel-raws li binders yog cov khoom ntuj, xws li cellulose, starch agar, thiab lwm yam.

Tokura siv agar los hloov cov polymer binder hauv titanium hmoov txhaj tshuaj molding, thiab kawm txog thermal stability, solubility thiab txhaj tshuaj viscosity ntawm lub binder system.

Hlau Powder Report (MPR) tau tshaj tawm txoj kev tshawb fawb txog kev tsim cov titanium alloy qhov ncauj implants siv agar-based adhesives, uas muaj cov agar, dej, thiab gel reinforcing cov ntaub ntawv.

Suzuki et al npaj cov qauv nrog cov txheeb ze ntom ntom ntawm 97.3 feem pua ​​​​los ntawm kev siv cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj 4 feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov agar (qhov hnyav molecular 82 500), cov pa roj carbon thiab oxygen pawg feem ntawm cov qauv yog 0.33 feem pua ​​​​thiab 0.3 feem pua ​​​​, feem, thiab lub zog tawm los yog 539 MPa. , qhov elongation yog li ntawm 10 feem pua. Cov txiaj ntsig kev sim qhia tau hais tias thaum siv cov khoom hnyav molecular hnyav, cov gel lub zog nce ntxiv, tab sis cov seem ntawm cov pa roj carbon thiab cov pa oxygen ntau dua, ua rau txo qis ntawm cov sintered ntom ntawm cov sintered qhov chaw, thiab qis zog tensile thiab elongation.

Cov binders uas tsis yog-gel-raws li dej yog yooj yim los tswj, cov khoom siv degreasing yog pheej yig dua li lwm txoj kev degreasing, thiab cov binders yog biodegradable thiab tsis muaj tshuaj lom rau cov kab mob, tab sis kev kho degreasing cov dej khib nyiab yuav tsum tau them nqi ntxiv.

Kev tswj qhov loj ntawm qhov kawg uas tsim los ntawm gel-based binder system txhaj tshuaj yog qhov nyuaj, thiab qhov sib xyaw tsis ruaj khov txaus, thiab cov txheej txheem thiab kev tswj kom zoo yog qhov nyuaj, thiab tseem xav tau kev tshawb fawb ntxiv thiab kev ua kom zoo dua qub.

1.3 Txhaj tshuaj molding, debonding thiab sintering

Txhaj tshuaj molding txheej txheem tsis yog txiav txim los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj cov khoom thiab lub hom phiaj cov khoom geometry.

Raws li tau hais los saum no, qhov loj me ntawm titanium hmoov feem ntau yog ntxhib. Piv nrog rau cov khoom siv stainless hlau txhaj tshuaj molding, nws yog ib qho yooj yim los tsim cov hmoov-binder sib cais tshwm sim. Ua ntej txhaj tshuaj molding, cov txheej txheem molding tsim nyog yuav tsum tau tsim raws li cov khoom rheological ntawm cov khoom siv txhaj tshuaj kom txo tau qhov tsis xws luag hauv lub cev tsim.

[Wang li al.] siv Ti-6Al-4V alloy ua ke nrog cov hmoov siv quav ciab-raws li binder system los npaj cov ntaub ntawv txhaj tshuaj molding, thiab kuaj thiab tshuaj xyuas cov khoom ntawm cov ntaub ntawv txhaj tshuaj nyob rau hauv cov hmoov sib txawv loadings thiab kub, muab lub hauv paus rau formulating haum molding parameter rau kev txhaj tshuaj molding txheej txheem. .

Park et al. siv aerosolized titanium hmoov, HDH titanium hmoov thiab spheroidized HDH titanium hmoov los npaj cov ntaub ntawv txhaj tshuaj, thiab ntsuas lawv cov khoom rheological thiab debonding tus cwj pwm, thiab npaj cov formability Performance index ntawm cov ntaub ntawv txhaj tshuaj. Qhov kev ua tau zoo tau raug soj ntsuam, thiab cov txiaj ntsig kev soj ntsuam tau muab lub hauv paus theoretical rau kev siv tib lub sijhawm ntawm HDH hmoov thiab aerosolized hmoov hauv cov txheej txheem txhaj tshuaj.

Raws li cov txheej txheem kev sim thiab cov lej simulation, cov txheej txheem zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tsim cov khoom tsis raug-dawb hlau txhaj tshuaj molded qhov chaw nrog cov khoom siv tshuab xav tau tau tham los ntawm Barriere li al., raws li cov qauv kev ua qauv siv ob-theem kev sib npaug thiab ib qho tshiab. txoj kev loj hlob Cov algorithm qhia meej yog siv los paub qhov kev kwv yees ntawm cov khoom sib cais tshwm sim hauv cov txheej txheem txhaj tshuaj siv cov lej simulation.

Chen et al. siv cov hydrodehydrodehydrogenation Ti-6Al-4V ua ntej-alloyed hmoov thiab dej-soluble binder system los npaj cov ntaub ntawv txhaj tshuaj, thiab tom qab ntawd ntsuas qhov tshem tawm ntawm polyethylene glycol, cov dej-soluble binder tivthaiv, hauv cov qauv ntawm cov thicknesses sib txawv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, thiab tsim ib tug qauv. Ib tug diffusion-controlled debonding lej qauv yog siv los txiav txim qhov debonding mechanism ntawm lub binder system.

Sidambe et al. siv txoj kev Taguchi los txiav txim siab qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm qhov tsis zoo xws li qhov zoo tshaj plaws sintering kub, lub sij hawm, cua sov tus nqi thiab cua.

Tsis yog et al. siv xibtes stearin thiab polyethylene binder system los npaj Ti-6Al-4V cov khoom siv txhaj tshuaj, thiab siv txoj kev Taguchi los tsim cov txheej txheem tsim khoom kom zoo, thiab thaum kawg tau txais cov qauv nrog lub zog tawm ntawm 934.4 MPa thiab ib qho elongation ntawm 10 feem pua. Tag nrho cov khoom ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau muaj hauv ASTM B348-02 Kev Kho Mob Titanium Alloys.

Obasi et al. Npaj Ti-6Al-4V cov qauv nrog cov khoom ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm ASTM B348-02 titanium alloy qib 23, thiab kawm txog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov kev hloov pauv hauv cov txheej txheem txheej txheem tsis zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem thermal debinding thiab sintering ntawm Ti-6Al-4V hmoov MIM Cheebtsam .

Limberg et al. npaj Ti–45Al–5Nb–0.2B–{4}}.2C los ntawm kev sib xyaw cov hmoov nplej thaum lub sij hawm txhaj tshuaj molding, thiab kawm txog cov teebmeem ntawm sintering lub sij hawm thiab sintering cua ntawm lub tensile zog thiab microstructure, thiab tau los tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm. Ib qho piv txwv nrog lub zog tensile ntawm txog 630 MPa.

Guo et al. npaj cov ntshiab titanium thiab Ti-6Al-4V cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj molding tshuab, kawm txog cov nyhuv ntawm kev kho cua sov txheej txheem xws li kub isostatic nias thiab annealing ntawm cov khoom ntawm alloy cov ntaub ntawv, thiab qualitatively characterized lub tshav kub kev kho mob nyhuv los ntawm microstructure thiab txhua yam khoom. kuaj. thiab ntau tus cwj pwm, nws cov microstructure yog qhia hauv daim duab 4.

Cov khoom siv txhaj tshuaj yog npaj los ntawm kev sib xyaw roj atomized titanium hmoov, hydrogenated titanium hmoov thiab siv quav ciab raws li qhov system. Tom qab txhaj tshuaj molding, cov kuab tshuaj yog debonded nyob rau hauv ib tug sib tov ntawm heptane thiab ethanol, thiab qhov kub yog nce mus rau 350, 420, tom qab tuav ntawm 600 degree, lub binder raug tshem tawm tag nrho, thiab sintering kub yog 1230 degree rau 3 h. Thaum kawg, cov khoom tensile ntawm cov qauv sintered yog 389-419 MPa, thiab elongation yog 2 feem pua ​​-4 feem pua.

Cov tswv cuab ntawm pawg tshawb fawb no tau siv cov roj atomized titanium hmoov thiab dej-soluble binder system los npaj cov qauv ntshiab titanium, thiab kawm txog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm sintering kub thiab tuav lub sijhawm ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov qauv ntshiab titanium. 3 Pa nqus tsev vacuum, sintering kub 1350 degree, thiab elongation ntawm 20.3 feem pua ​​​​tom qab tuav rau 3 h, uas ua raws li ASTM F2989-13 hmoov metallurgy kev ua tau zoo coj mus kuaj, txheeb ze ntom ntom 96.9 feem pua, tensile zog 443 MPa, biomedical Qib II ntshiab titanium txheem.

Fig.4 Microstrctures of Ti (a) thiab Ti-6Al-4V (b) cov qauv npaj los ntawm cov khoom siv quav ciab

2 Tshiab titanium thiab titanium alloy txhaj tshuaj molding cov ntaub ntawv

Titanium thiab titanium alloys yog tam sim no dav siv nyob rau hauv orthopedic, stomatology-txog cov cuab yeej thiab kev kho mob implants, tab sis vim qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv cov khoom thiab cov neeg kho tshuab zog ntawm tib neeg cov pob txha (elastic modulus yog hais txog 20 GPa), nws yog tsim nyob rau hauv cov pob txha. / implant interface. Cov nyhuv tiv thaiv kev ntxhov siab, ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam mus sij hawm ntev tuaj yeem cuam tshuam zoo heev, raws li pom hauv daim duab 5.

Yog li ntawd, cov kws tshawb fawb tau kho cov khoom siv ntawm cov khoom siv titanium los ntawm kev hloov cov qauv thiab cov hlau alloy ntawm titanium cov ntaub ntawv kom lawv nyob ze rau cov qauv thiab cov khoom ntawm tib neeg cov pob txha.

Fig.5 Kev sib piv ntawm elasticity modulus ntawm biomedical titanium alloys

2.1 Porous titanium cov ntaub ntawv thiab titanium-ceramic composites

Porous titanium cov ntaub ntawv thiab tshiab titanium alloy system cov ntaub ntawv muaj qhov tsim nyog pore qauv thiab txhua yam khoom, thiab yog cov khoom siv cog zoo rau orthopedic hloov.

Ntawm qhov tod tes, nws tuaj yeem txo qhov kev ntxhov siab tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm qhov cog thiab cov pob txha, yog li txo qhov kev ntxhov siab tiv thaiv thiab ua kom paub txog kev ua haujlwm ntev thiab ua haujlwm zoo ntawm cov cog; Ntawm qhov tod tes, cov qauv ntxeem tau yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov pob txha pob txha rau hauv qhov cog. Cov txheej txheem sib txuas ua ke tuaj yeem tso cai rau kev nkag mus ntawm cov kua dej ntau hauv lub cev, uas tuaj yeem txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm cov pob txha.

Gu et al. tsim ib hom tshiab ntawm TC4 alloy nrog qhib-pore qauv los ntawm kev ntxiv TiH2 rau titanium-aluminium-vanadium hmoov hmoov ua tus neeg sawv cev foaming thiab tus neeg sawv cev nquag. Qhov pore loj faib yog sib xws, qhov pore loj yog 90 ~ 190 μm, thiab qhov porosity yog li 43 feem pua ​​~ 59 feem pua. , lub elastic modulus nyob ntawm 5.8 mus rau 9.5 GPa. Engin et al. [35] siv hmoov txhaj tshuaj molding (PIM) ua ke nrog pore-forming tus neeg sawv cev technology los npaj microporous titanium alloys, thiab kawm txog cov nyhuv ntawm tus nqi ntawm pore-forming tus neeg saib xyuas polymethyl methacrylate ntawm qhov ntom thiab compression tsis kam ntawm cov hlau. thiab elastic modulus.

Tuncer et al. siv cov atomized spherical hmoov, HDH titanium hmoov thiab wax-raws li binder system, los ntawm kev ntxiv ib tug npaum li cas ntawm NaCl thiab KCl raws li pore-forming agents, los kawm txog cov nyhuv ntawm thawj zaug hmoov ntawm kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom porous titanium kawg, thiab ntxiv los ntawm kev kho cov pore-forming tus neeg sawv cev. Raws li qhov ntau npaum li cas ntawm tus neeg sawv cev, cov khoom siv titanium ntxeem tau nrog qhov xav tau porosity thiab pore loj ntawm kev kho mob cog tuaj yeem tau txais, thiab cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov khoom tuaj yeem ua tau raws li tus qauv ntawm tertiary ntshiab titanium.

Chen et al. siv NaCl ua tus neeg sawv cev pore-forming ua ke nrog hydrogenated titanium hmoov ciab-raws li kev txhaj tshuaj los npaj cov qauv txhaj tshuaj molding. Los ntawm kev kho tus nqi ntawm NaCl, qhov sib txuas lus tuaj yeem tsim hauv qhov kev txhaj tshuaj, thiab nws cov khoom siv kho tshuab zoo ib yam li cov pob txha tshem tawm.

Barbosa et al. thawj zaug siv Fe22Cr hmoov los kuaj cov khoom rheological ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj ntawm cov tshuab sib txawv. Raws li cov txiaj ntsig kev ntsuas kev ua tau zoo, xaiv qhov tsim nyog siv cov khoom siv binder, thiab tom qab ntawd ua ke nrog Ti hmoov thiab pore-forming tus neeg sawv cev NaCl rau sov nias thiab ntau cov khoom txhaj tshuaj molding. , ib tug txha caj qaum implant tivthaiv nrog ib tug ntom txheej ntxeem tau core thiab ib tug porosity gradient tau npaj los ntawm degreasing thiab sintering.

Fig.6 Porous titanium txhaj tshuaj molding tivthaiv siv NaCl ua qhov chaw tuav

Hydroxyapatite (HA) muaj qhov tshwj xeeb zoo hauv kev hloov cov pob txha thiab cov pob txha rov ua haujlwm vim nws cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov qauv siv lead ua raws li tib neeg cov pob txha, thiab tau pib ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov khoom siv biomedical. .

Txawm li cas los xij, HA yog nkig thiab muaj cov khoom siv tsis zoo, yog li nws tsis tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom siv thauj khoom ib leeg. Yog li ntawd, ib yam tshiab ntawm biomedical cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj li ntawm HA thiab titanium khoom tau tshwm sim.

Thian et al.] kawm txog kev npaj ntawm Ti6Al4V/HA composites los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj molding. Ua ntej, Ti6Al4V/HA composite hmoov tau npaj los ntawm txoj kev nag lossis daus ceramic, thiab tom qab ntawd cov hmoov npaj tau tov nrog cov khoom lag luam binder PAN-250S los npaj cov khoom siv txhaj tshuaj. Cov khoom rheological ntawm cov khoom siv txhaj tshuaj tau raug kuaj, thiab cov cua kub thaum lub sij hawm debonding txheej txheem tau kawm. Kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov roj ntws ntawm cov cua debonding thiab cov cua debonding ntawm qhov tsis xws luag ntawm qhov debonded, tus nqi ntawm cov binder tshem tawm thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov pa roj carbon residual; Cov kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov txheej txheem sintering tsis (kub tus nqi, sintering kub, tuav lub sij hawm, txias npaum li cas, thiab lwm yam.) Lub porosity ntawm cov qauv tau yog hais txog 50 feem pua; Tsis tas li ntawd, cov txheej txheem lom neeg degradation ntawm cov khoom npaj Ti6Al4V / HA nyob rau hauv lub cev kua ib puag ncig tau soj ntsuam thiab cov yam ntxwv los ntawm cov kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm txhua yam khoom.

2.2 Cov ntaub ntawv tshiab titanium alloy

Biomedical teb yog ib ceg tseem ceeb ntawm daim ntawv thov ntawm titanium cov ntaub ntawv, thiab nws daim ntawv thov kev taw qhia ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm titanium cov ntaub ntawv.

Cov ntaub ntawv titanium thaum ntxov yog cov ntshiab titanium (theem), tab sis cov ntaub ntawv ntshiab titanium muaj qhov tsis muaj zog thiab hnav tsis zoo, thiab tom qab ntawd txhim kho lub zog siab thiab siab tawv ntxiv rau hom sawv cev los ntawm Ti6Al4V, Ti6Al7Nb thiab Ti5Al2.5Fe alloy.

Aust et al. ua tiav cov pob txha ntsia hlau cov ntaub ntawv nrog kev ua tau zoo heev siv Ti6Al7Nb hmoov thiab siv quav ciab-raws li binder system (paraffin ntxiv rau PE ntxiv rau stearic acid), raws li qhia hauv daim duab 7, nrog cov txheeb ze ntom ntom ntawm 97.6 feem pua, lub zog tensile ntawm 815 MPa, thiab yield Lub zog ntawm 714 MPa. Elongation 8.7 feem pua.

Cov txiaj ntsig kev tshawb fawb pom tau tias cov ntsiab lus alloy xws li Al thiab V hauv cov khoom siv dav siv titanium-aluminium-vanadium alloy thiab titanium-aluminium-niobium alloy yuav tso tawm cytotoxic Al thiab V keeb ions tom qab cog rau hauv tib neeg lub cev, ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau tib neeg lub cev. . .

Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov kws tshawb fawb tau ua tiav cov kev tsim kho tshiab ntawm -titanium alloy system uas muaj Nb, Ta, Zr, Mo, Sn thiab lwm yam biosafety yam tsis muaj Al thiab V ntsiab.

Tam sim no, cov bio-titanium alloys uas tau tsim thiab tshawb fawb feem ntau suav nrog Ti-15Nb, Ti-13Nb-13Zr, Ti-35Nb-7 Zr-5Ta, Ti-12Mo-6Zr-2Fe, Ti-35.3Nb-5.1Ta-7.1Zr and Ti- 29Nb-13Ta-4.6Zr et al [44]. Vim muaj kev txwv ntawm kev siv tshuab milling thiab lwm yam, cov tshuab hlau no tsis tshua muaj siv rau hauv cov txheej txheem kev txhaj tshuaj molding.

Zhao et al. ua kev txhaj tshuaj molding thwmsim siv titanium hmoov thiab niobium hmoov, thiab ua tiav kev npaj TiNb dual-theem alloy nrog cov txheeb ze ntom ntom ntawm li 95 feem pua. Los ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas cov khoom ntawm lub cev ntsuab, qhov debonded qhov chaw thiab sintered qhov chaw, nrog rau sintering nrog sib txawv alloy muaj pes tsawg leeg Cov nyhuv ntawm Nb cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov microstructure thiab txhua yam khoom ntawm cov hlau tau kawm los ntawm kev sib piv cov kev soj ntsuam thiab kev sib piv ntawm cov khoom. microstructure ntawm alloy.

Arockiasamy et al. npaj Ti-5Fe-5Zr alloy los ntawm kev ntxiv Fe thiab Zr ntsiab rau HDH ntshiab titanium hmoov, thiab ntsuas cov khoom siv ntawm cov hlau. tshuab.

Ti6Al7Nb pob txha ntsia hlau npaj los ntawm MIM

3. Outlook

Qhov tsis tshua muaj lub ntiajteb txawj nqus, lub zog tshwj xeeb, zoo heev biocompatibility thiab oxidation tsis kam, thiab zoo corrosion kuj ntawm titanium thiab titanium alloys ua rau lawv muaj kev siv zoo hauv aerospace, kev kho mob, tshuaj, tsheb thiab cov khoom siv niaj hnub. Kev loj hlob muaj peev xwm.

Piv nrog rau cov txheej txheem kev ua haujlwm ib txwm muaj, xws li forging, casting thiab machining, hmoov txhaj tshuaj molding muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws, cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke, cov khoom siv raw khoom siv siab, thiab muaj zog tsim muaj peev xwm ntawm cov khoom loj loj, uas tuaj yeem txhawb kev tsim cov titanium. thiab titanium alloy cov khoom. thiab daim ntawv thov.

Txawm hais tias qee qhov kev nce qib tau ua tiav hauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj molding ntawm titanium thiab titanium alloys, nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem kev tsim khoom tiag tiag, tus nqi ntawm cov hmoov zoo raw cov ntaub ntawv yog qhov siab, kev hloov pauv thiab siv cov tshuab tshiab titanium alloy zoo. rau kev txhaj tshuaj molding yog tsis txaus, thiab nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau tswj cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov khoom. Ib qho teeb meem, xws li cov loj dua, tseem yuav raug daws.

Tsis tas li ntawd, nrog kev txhim kho sai ntawm micro-system technology nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, qhov kev thov rau cov khoom siv micro-complex siv nyob rau hauv micro-systems tseem nce ntxiv. Hmoov txhaj tshuaj molding yuav tsum tau hloov los ntawm cov khoom siv ib txwm siv rau cov khoom siv micro thiab tsim rau hauv cov hmoov micro-txhaj tshuaj. tsim technology.

Tam sim no, feem ntau ntawm cov micro-txhaj tshuaj molding technologies tsom rau polymer, stainless hlau thiab lwm yam khoom siv. Tseem muaj ntau yam teeb meem uas yuav tsum tau kawm nyob rau hauv micro-txhaj tshuaj molding ntawm titanium thiab titanium alloys.

Yog li ntawd, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm titanium thiab titanium alloy txhaj tshuaj molding kev tshawb fawb yuav tsum tsom mus rau kev tshawb fawb thiab kev loj hlob ntawm tshiab titanium alloy systems, kev loj hlob ntawm cov nqi qis-zoo titanium alloy hmoov npaj technology, thiab kev tshawb fawb ntawm micro-txhaj tshuaj molding ntawm titanium. cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog rau cov khoom siv micro thiab complex.

Nrog rau kev tshawb fawb tob txog titanium thiab titanium alloy txhaj tshuaj molding tshuab, nws ntseeg tau tias kev txhaj tshuaj molding titanium thiab titanium alloy tshuab yuav ua tau zoo, thiab tom qab ntawd txhawb txoj kev loj hlob sai ntawm kev lag luam titanium.

Post Casting txheej txheem

1. Kev kho cua sov: annealing, carbonization, tempering, quenching, normalizing, nto tempering

2. Cov khoom siv ua haujlwm: CNC, WEDM, tshuab dhos, milling tshuab, drilling tshuab, grinder, thiab lwm yam;

3. Kev kho deg: hmoov txau, chrome plating, painting, sandblasting, npib tsib xee plating, galvanizing, blackening, polishing, bluing, thiab lwm yam.

Pwm thiab tshuaj xyuas Fixtures

1. Pwm kev pab cuam lub neej: feem ntau yog semi-permanent. (tsuas yog ua npuas ncauj ploj)

2. Pwm lub sij hawm xa tuaj: 10-25 hnub, (raws li cov qauv khoom thiab cov khoom loj).

3. Tooling thiab pwm tu: Zhongwei yog lub luag hauj lwm rau precision qhov chaw.

Kev Tswj Xyuas Zoo

1. Kev tswj kom zoo: tus nqi tsis zoo yog tsawg dua 0.1 feem pua ​​.

2. Cov qauv thiab kev sim ua haujlwm yuav raug tshuaj xyuas 100 feem pua ​​​​ntawm kev tsim khoom thiab ua ntej xa khoom, kuaj cov qauv rau cov khoom loj raws li ISDO cov qauv lossis cov neeg siv khoom.

3. Cov khoom siv kuaj: kuaj pom qhov tsis zoo, spectrum analyzer, golden duab analyzer, peb-coordinate ntsuas tshuab, hardness testing khoom, tensile kuaj tshuab.