Kovar MIM Parts

Taw qhia ntawm Kovar Hlau Txhaj Moulded Parts

Qinhuangdao Zhongwei Precision Machinery Co., Ltd. yog ib phau ntawm tooj liab alloy hlau txhaj tshuaj molding, hlau-raws li hlau txhaj tshuaj molding, stainless hlau-raws li hlau txhaj tshuaj molding, aluminium alloy hlau txhaj tshuaj molding, nickel alloy hlau txhaj molding, cobalt alloy hlau txhaj tshuaj. molding, tungsten alloy hlau txhaj tshuaj molding Ib qho kev lag luam high-tech integrating R & D, ntau lawm thiab muag khoom ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj molding, cemented carbide hlau txhaj tshuaj molding, thiab hmoov metallurgy yam ntxwv qhov chaw.

Khoom Taw Qhia

1. Cov qauv kev coj ua: lub tuam txhab nruj me ntsis ua raws li ISO9001, ISO14001, IATF16949 ntawv pov thawj, thiab cov khoom tau dhau ROHS, FDA EU ntawv pov thawj, thiab lwm yam.

2. Kovar MIM Cov qauv khoom siv: ISO, GB, ASTM, SAE, EN, DIN, BS, AMS, JIS, ASME, DMS, TOCT, GB

3. Cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb: hlau txhaj molding MIM, hmoov metallurgy PM, peev casting, tuag-casting txhuas

4. Muaj cov ntaub ntawv rau hmoov metallurgy:

Copper alloys, hlau hauv paus, titanium alloys, stainless hlau hauv paus, aluminium alloys, nickel alloys, cobalt alloys, tungsten alloys, cemented carbides, hydroxy alloys, mos magnetic ntaub ntawv thiab 3D luam ntawv tuaj yeem kho raws li cov neeg siv khoom xav tau.

4J29 alloy tseem hu ua Kovar alloy. Cov alloy muaj ib tug linear expansion coefficient zoo ib yam li cov borosilicate nyuaj iav ntawm 20-450 degree, ib tug siab Curie point, thiab zoo low-temperature microstructure stability.

Qhov zoo: zoo tsis kub cov ntaub so ntswg stability

Cov cuab yeej siv tau: cov cuab yeej muaj mercury tawm

Khoom siv: 4J29

Txuj ci: "Fe-Ni-Co iav sealing alloy 4J29 thiab 4J44 kev ua haujlwm"

4J29 alloy tseem hu ua Kovar alloy. Cov alloy muaj ib tug linear expansion coefficient zoo ib yam li cov borosilicate nyuaj iav ntawm 20-450 degree, ib tug siab Curie point, thiab zoo low-temperature microstructure stability. Cov oxide zaj duab xis ntawm cov hlau yog ntom thiab tuaj yeem ntub dej los ntawm iav. Nws tsis cuam tshuam nrog mercury, thiab yog tsim rau siv nyob rau hauv meters uas muaj mercury paug. Nws yog cov khoom siv sib khi tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob lub tshuab nqus tsev.

●Cov qib zoo sib xws

Russia United Kingdom Nyiv Fabkis Lub teb chaws Yelemees

29HК Kovar Nilo K KV-1 Dilver P0 Vacon 12

29HК-BИ Rodar KV-2

Techallony Glasseal 29-17 Telcaseal KV-3 Dilver P1 Silvar 48

●Txuj txuj

YB/T 5231-1993 "Fe-Ni-Co iav sealing alloy 4J29 thiab 4J44 technical condition".

●Tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg

C Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau {{0}}}03 feem pua ​​Mn Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.50 feem pua ​​Si Less dua lossis sib npaug rau {{ 10}}.30 feem pua ​​P Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.020 feem pua ​​S Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.020 feem pua ​​Cu Less dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.20 feem pua ​​Cr Less dua lossis sib npaug li 0.20 feem pua ​​Mo Less tshaj los yog sib npaug li 0.20 feem pua

Ni=28.5-29.5 feem pua ​​Co=16.8-17.8 feem pua

Fe=nyiaj seem

Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej uas qhov nruab nrab linear expansion coefficient ncav cuag tus qauv, cov ntsiab lus ntawm npib tsib xee thiab cobalt raug tso cai rau deviate los ntawm ntau yam teev tseg hauv Table {{0}}. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm txhuas, magnesium, zirconium thiab titanium yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj 0.10 feem pua ​​​​txhua tus, thiab tag nrho cov nyiaj yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 0.20 feem pua.

●Kev kho cua sov

Cov qauv ntsuas kev ua tau zoo rau kev nthuav dav coefficient thiab qis kub microstructure stability teev nyob rau hauv tus qauv yog rhuab mus rau 900 degree ± 20 degree nyob rau hauv ib tug hydrogen cua, khaws cia rau 1h, ces rhuab mus rau 1100 degree ± 20 degree, thiab khaws cia rau 15min, ntawm ib tug kub tsis siab tshaj 5 degree / min Qhov ceev yog txias kom qis dua 200 degree.

●Daim ntawv thov txheej txheem

Cov hlau yog ib yam Fe-Ni-Co nyuaj iav sealing alloy feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Nws tau siv rau lub sijhawm ntev hauv lub Hoobkas aviation nrog kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov. Nws yog tsuas yog siv rau iav sealing ntawm hluav taws xob lub tshuab nqus tsev cov khoom xws li tso cov raj, oscillator raj, ignition tubes, magnetrons, transistors, kaw plugs, relays, integrated circuit lead xov hlau, chassis, shells, brackets, thiab lwm yam. Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thov, cov xaiv iav yuav tsum sib phim nrog cov expansion coefficient ntawm cov hlau. nruj me ntsis ntsuas nws cov ntaub so ntswg kub tsis tshua muaj kev ruaj ntseg raws li kev siv kub. Kev kho cua sov kom tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom muaj qhov zoo sib sib zog nqus nqus. Thaum siv forgings, lawv cov huab cua nruj yuav tsum tau xyuas kom nruj.

● Lub koom haum qauv

Tom qab cov hlau raug kho raws li cov txheej txheem kho cua sov tau teev tseg hauv 1.5, thiab tom qab ntawd khov ntawm -78.5 degree, martensitic qauv yuav tsum tsis txhob tshwm sim ntau tshaj lossis sib npaug li 4h. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum lub alloy muaj pes tsawg leeg tsis tsim nyog, qhov sib txawv ntawm austenite ( ) mus rau acicular martensite ( ) transformation yuav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub los yog kub tsis tshua muaj, thiab qhov kev hloov pauv yuav nrog lub ntim nthuav dav. Lub expansion coefficient ntawm cov alloy nce raws li, uas ua rau ib tug ntse nce nyob rau hauv kev ntxhov siab nyob rau hauv lub sealing ib feem, thiab txawm ib feem puas. Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb cuam tshuam rau qhov tsis tshua muaj kub microstructure stability ntawm cov hlau yog cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov hlau. Nws tuaj yeem pom los ntawm Fe-Ni-Co ternary theem daim duab qhia tias npib tsib xee yog lub ntsiab tseem ceeb kom ruaj khov rau theem, thiab cov ntsiab lus siab nickel yog qhov zoo rau kev ruaj ntseg ntawm theem. Raws li tag nrho cov deformation tus nqi ntawm cov alloy nce, nws cov microstructure nyhav kom ruaj khov dua. Kev sib cais ntawm cov hlau alloy kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua rau thaj chaw → hloov pauv. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov nplej ntxhib kuj tseem txhawb nqa → kev hloov pauv.

Hauv kev lag luam hluav taws xob, cov chips ntim thiab qee cov khoom yuav tsum tau txuas nrog hluav taws xob mus rau lwm cov circuits los ntawm cov hlau lead. Nrog rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov loj-scale integrated circuits thiab ultra-loj-scale integrated circuits, cov xov hlau ceev ntawm circuits tau nce siab dua. Cov kev xav tau rau cov duab thiab qhov ntom ntawm cov kab hlau lead (kab dav thiab kab sib nrug) tau dhau los ua ntau thiab ntau dua thiab sophisticated. Raws li lub hom phiaj thiab cov khoom siv ntawm kev siv, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau nqa tawm kev kho electroplating ntawm 4J29 alloy qhov chaw. Kev xaiv cov hom plating tshwj xeeb thiab kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov txheej txheem electroplating yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab kom ua tau raws li cov kev siv tshwj xeeb. Rau 4J29 alloy ua cov hlau lead, ntau dua Nws yog electroplating Ni / Au lossis Ni / Pd / Au txheej txheem.

Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshawb fawb no yog los daws cov teeb meem kev lag luam uas tau ua rau muaj kev lag luam ntev ntev, uas yog, 4J29 alloy nyias txhuas thav duab feem ntau tshwm sim hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm electroplating Ni / Au. Cov khoom lag luam nce mus txog 60 feem pua. Los ntawm kev tshawb xyuas qhov chaw tsim khoom, nws tau pom tias txoj kab nyias nyias ntawm cov plated qhov chaw thiab lub zos tawg ntawm cov txheej feem ntau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov nickel electroplating txuas. Tom qab kev soj ntsuam ua ntej, nws tau txiav txim siab tias qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm cov teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws uas tau hais los saum toj no yuav yog qhov tsis zoo los ntawm "kev ntxhov siab sab hauv". Raws li kev tshuaj xyuas ntau cov ntaub ntawv, pawg tshawb fawb no txo ​​qis kev ntxhov siab sab hauv ntawm cov txheej txheem los ntawm kev hloov cov txheej txheem ua ntej plating, muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab txheej txheem txheej txheem ntawm cov tshuaj electroplating, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog xaiv thiab siv cov khoom siv ntxiv. Qhov kev ntsuam xyuas tau ua tiav cov teeb meem tau hais los saum toj no, thiab tseem ua pov thawj tsis ncaj ncees tias "sab hauv kev ntxhov siab" yog qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb rau kev tawg ntawm txheej txheej. Tom qab qhov tseeb ntau lawm thiab daim ntawv thov ntawm lub lag luam, cov nyhuv yog zoo kawg li, thiab tus nqi tsis zoo yog ruaj khov tswj hauv qab 2 feem pua.

1. Qhov kev sim ua raws li txoj kev sib piv, ua tib zoo saib xyuas qhov zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem nyias ua ntej thiab tom qab cov txheej txheem hloov lossis hloov kho los ntawm 200 lub sij hawm magnifying iav, thiab tom qab ntawd mus dhau ntawm ib leeg-daim dabtsi yog khoov xyaum ua tej yam saib seb lub nyias hlau puas lawm los yog tawg. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov kab nyias raug suav, thiab tus nqi tsis raug suav nrog. Tus nqi tsis raug=tus naj npawb ntawm cov kab nyias nyias ib pawg ntawm kev sim / tag nrho cov kab nyias nyias hauv txhua qhov kev sim. 1.1 Cov ntaub ntawv npaj thiab cov txheej txheem kev sim Cov 4J29 alloy lead thav duab thawj daim ntawv siv hauv kev sim yog muab los ntawm ib lub tuam txhab, qhov loj ntawm ib daim ntawv yog 1.5 cmx1.2 cm, cov kab hlau lead kab dav yog 0.1 ~ 0.2 hli, thiab kab sib nrug yog 1.5 cm x 1.2 cm. rau O. 33 ~ 0.38 hli, lub thickness yog 0.2 hli, thiab tus naj npawb ntawm cov kab ib leeg yog 24. Lub tuam txhab yuav 4J29 nplooj ntawv los ntawm nws tus kheej thiab xa mus rau lub Hoobkas etching rau etching. Cov etched nyias txhuas thav duab tau xa rov qab mus rau lub tuam txhab rau nws tus kheej-plating. Tom qab kev tshawb nrhiav ntawm qhov chaw, cov nroj tsuag etching tau tsim los ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm cov qauv photochemical thiab acid etching technology. Cov txheej txheem ntau lawm yog raws li nram no: 4J29 daim ntawv - yaug - filming - raug - tsim - etching - kov - yaug - ziab.

Cov khoom siv tshuaj siv hauv kev sim yog tag nrho cov qib electroplating. Cov txheej txheem electroplating yog: ncej - kho cua sov - ultrasonic degreasing - dej ntxuav - electrolytic degreasing - dej ntxuav - dej ntxuav - etching - dej ntxuav - npib tsib xee electroplating - dej ntxuav - ua kom - dej ntxuav - kub electroplating - sealing - dej ntxuav - ziab - kev tshuaj xyuas

1.2 Electroplating txheej txheem specification Saib cov txheej txheem specification rau kev kho cua sov ntawm thawj daim ntawv.

Lub hom phiaj ntawm ultrasonic degreasing yog tshem tawm txhua yam av ntawm qhov chaw. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm cov kua dej ua haujlwm yog: trisodium phosphate 15.0-20.0 g/L, sodium carbonate 100-15.0 g/L , OP-10 0 5-1 0 g/L, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate 0 5-1.0 g/L, kub {{12} } } degree , lub sij hawm 10-15 min, ultrasonic zaus 30 kHz . Electrochemical degreasing yog nqa tawm ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm ultrasonic degreasing, thiaj li ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tshem tawm tag nrho cov av ntawm qhov chaw. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim ntawm "hydrogen embrittlement" los ntawm kev cuam tshuam qhov kev ntxhov siab ntawm lub workpiece, cov txheej txheem no ncaj qha txais anodic electrolytic degreasing. Los ntawm kev xaiv cov additives tsim nyog thiab tswj cov anode tam sim no ceev, cov pa oxygen (los yog cov pa oxygen) tsim los ntawm anodic electrolytic degreasing tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov khoom los ntawm over-oxidized. corrosion.

Nws cov kua dej ua haujlwm thiab cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm yog: sodium hydroxide 20 0-25.0 g/L, sodium metasilicate pentahydrate 10.0-15. {10}} g/L, sodium dodecyl sulfate O. 5-1.0 g/L, dej softener 3.0-5.0 g/L, kub 40-50 degree , tam sim no ceev 2. Cov tshuaj electroplating nrog npib tsib xee sulfamate yog siv cov ntsev tseem ceeb.

Siv cyanide tsis muaj zog acid kub plating tov, muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab txheej txheem txheej txheem ntawm kub plating tov yog: potassium kub cyanide 12.0-15.0 g/L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2.0-4. 0 g/L, txiv qaub Potassium acid 2{{10}}~25 g/L, antimony potassium tartrate 5.0-6.0 g/L, pH tus nqi 5-6, kub 40-50 degree, cathode tam sim no ceev 0.2-1.0 A/dm, anode Cov khoom yog platinum titanium mesh.

Ua tib zoo ntxuav nrog dej ntshiab los yog dej ntshiab huv kom tshem tawm cov ntsev seem ntawm cov txheej txheej, thiab yog tias tsim nyog, tshuaj passivation tuaj yeem ua kom tsis txhob muaj xim.

2. Cov txiaj ntsig thiab kev sib tham 2.1 Kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev kho cua sov ntawm cov ntawv qub ntawm cov txheej txheem zoo Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom siv lead ua muaj xws li cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb thiab theem nrab. Cov khoom tseem ceeb yog hais txog lub cev, txhua yam thiab tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov khoom. Cov khoom thib ob xa mus rau stamping, etching, electroplating, brazing, encapsulation thiab corrosion kuj zog. Tom qab cov ntawv txhuas txhuas tau ua tiav los ntawm stamping, etching, thiab lwm yam, qhov seem seem ntawm qhov kev ntxhov siab yog qhov loj thiab tsis sib xws, uas yog tus yuam sij ua rau cov yam ntxwv tsis zoo.

Hauv txoj kev tshawb no, ib txoj hauv kev los txhim kho 4J29 alloy thav duab uas twb muaj lawm electroplating npib tsib xee-kub (los yog npib tsib xee-palladium-kub) txheej txheem ntawm kev lag luam yog kev kho cua sov ua ntej 4J29 alloy ncej electroplating, txhawm rau tshem tawm cov seem machining kev nyuaj siab. nyob rau hauv qhov chaw tom qab cov khoom tsim. Thiab cov nyhuv ntawm "hydrogen embrittlement" kev ntxhov siab ntawm qhov chaw uas yuav tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm acid etching ll . Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus xaiv ntawm kev kho cua sov yog: ntawm qhov chaw ntawm kev ua kom lub hom phiaj ntawm kev kho mob tiav, cov nplej yuav tsis loj hlob ntau dhau. Tom qab cov alloy txias yog annealed ntawm 700-1000 degree, cov khoom siv kho tshuab yuav hloov l1. Yog li ntawd, 4J29 alloy thav duab hauv txoj kev tshawb no tsis yog Qhov kev ntxhov siab kub kho kub yog 420-450 degree , thiab kev txuag hluav taws xob yog 120 los nag. Cov txiaj ntsig kev xeem tau pom nyob rau hauv Table 3. Muaj 10 ib daim thiab 240 nyias nyias, thiab cov kev tshawb fawb hauv qab no yog tib yam.

Cov txiaj ntsig kev sim qhia tau hais tias tom qab kev kho cua sov ntawm tus ncej yog npib tsib xee-plated, qhov tawg ntawm cov kab nyias nyias raug tshem tawm, cov kab nrib pleb hauv zos hauv cov txheej electroplated npib tsib xee kuj txo qis, thiab qhov tawg dav yog nqaim, tab sis qhov teeb meem. ntawm cov khoom zoo tsis tuaj yeem daws tau zoo.

2.2 Kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm cov tshuaj electroplating ntawm qhov zoo ntawm txheej

2.2.1 Kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov tshuaj electroplating ntawm qhov zoo ntawm txheej Muaj ntau hom nickel-plating electroplating kev daws teeb meem, feem ntau siv yog sulfate hom, sulfate monochloride hom, chloride hom thiab sulfamate hom, ntawm cov sulfamate Nickel acid coatings. muaj kev ntxhov siab tsawg dua li lwm hom nickel coatings [02]. Cov txheej txheem sulfamate-type nickel plating txheej txheem tsim nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no tau siv los ua qhov kev sim sib piv nrog Watt-type nickel plating txheej txheem ntawm kev lag luam. Cov txiaj ntsig kev sim qhia tau hais tias thaum cov tshuaj sulfamate hom electroplating nrog cov kev ntxhov siab me me ntawm cov txheej raug xaiv los hloov cov tshuaj Watt hom electroplating, qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom raug txo qis.

2.2.2 Kev cuam tshuam ntawm hom additives ntawm qhov zoo ntawm txheej txheej, lwm yam khoom thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm sulfamate electroplating tov tsis hloov, thiab cov kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov hom additives ntawm qhov zoo ntawm txheej yog kawm. Cov txiaj ntsig kev sim qhia tau hais tias lwm yam xwm txheej tseem tsis hloov pauv. Raws li cov xwm txheej hauv qab no, 1,5-naphthalene disulfonic acid thiourea los yog saccharin raug xaiv los ua cov tshuaj ntxiv plating, thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov kab zoo kuj tsawg. Muab piv cov nyhuv ci ntsa iab ntawm cov nickel-plated txheej, cov nyhuv ci ntsa iab ntawm kev siv saccharin ua ib qho ntxiv yog qhov siab dua li ntawm lwm cov khoom ntxiv.

2.2.3 Kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntxiv ntawm txheej txheej zoo Lwm yam khoom siv thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm sulfamate electroplating kua hauv Table 2 tau kho, thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm electroplating additive saccharin ntawm txheej zoo tau kawm. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej uas lwm yam kev mob tseem tsis hloov pauv, cov nyhuv ntawm saccharin concentration ntawm cov txheej txheem nickel-plated zoo yog pom tseeb. Nrog rau qhov nce ntawm concentration, tus nqi tsis zoo txo ​​qis thiab tshwm rau qhov tsawg kawg nkaus tus nqi. Thaum cov concentration ntau ntxiv ntawm 0.4 g/L mus rau 0 .5 g/L, tus nqi tsis zoo yuav nce ntxiv. Yog li, qhov concentration ntawm saccharin yuav tsum yog 0 3-0.4 g / L.

2.3 Kev cuam tshuam ntawm electroplating ua hauj lwm tej yam kev mob ntawm txheej zoo 2.3.1 Kev cuam tshuam ntawm cathode tam sim no ceev ntawm txheej zoo Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg, concentration thiab ua hauj lwm tej yam kev mob ntawm sulfamate electroplating kua nyob rau hauv Table 2 tseem tsis hloov, cov uas cov additives (saccharin) ) loj concentration ntawm { {6}}. qhov xwm txheej uas lwm yam kev mob tseem tsis hloov pauv, qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov ceev tam sim no ntawm qhov zoo ntawm cov nickel plating txheej yog pom tseeb dua. Thaum 0 A/dm tau nce mus rau 6.0 A/dm, tus nqi tsis zoo tau nce ntxiv. Yog li, qhov kev tswj tam sim no yuav tsum yog 3.{16}} 0 A/dm.

2.3.2 Kev cuam tshuam ntawm qhov kub thiab txias ntawm electroplating ua hauj lwm kev daws teeb meem ntawm qhov zoo ntawm txheej txheej Lwm yam khoom, cov ntsiab lus thiab kev ua hauj lwm ntawm sulfamate electroplating tov nyob rau hauv Table 2 tseem nyob twj ywm unchanged, thiab qhov loj concentration ntawm cov additives (saccharin) yog. 0.3- 0.4 g/L, qhov ceev tam sim no yog 3.0-4. cov txiaj ntsig tau pom nyob rau hauv Table 8 thiab daim duab 3. Nws tuaj yeem pom los ntawm daim duab 3 tias nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej uas lwm yam kev mob tseem tsis tau hloov, qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov kub ntawm cov tshuaj electroplating ntawm qhov zoo ntawm cov nickel-plated txheej yog pom tseeb. Raws li qhov kub thiab txias nce, tus nqi tsis raug txo qis thiab tshwm rau tus nqi yam tsawg kawg nkaus. Thaum qhov kub nce mus txog 70 degree, tus nqi tsis zoo nce ntxiv. Yog li ntawd, nws yog tsim nyog los tswj qhov kub ntawm 50 mus rau 60 degree.

3 Cov ntsiab lus 1) Ib txoj hauv kev tshiab electroplating txheej txheem tau tsim los tiv thaiv txoj kab zoo thiab tawg ntawm txheej electroplating tom qab electroplating ntawm 4J29 txhuas thav duab. 2) Cov txheej txheem zoo tshaj plaws rau kev kho cua sov yog: kub 420-450 degree, tuav lub sij hawm 12{{10}} min, thiab txias rau chav sov los ntawm ntuj txias. Kev ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws ntawm nickel electroplating yog: npib tsib xee sulfamate 250-350 g/L, boric acid 25-35 g/L, wetting agent (K12) 0.01 g/L, saccharin 0. 3-0.4 g /L, pH tus nqi 3-5, kub 50-60 degree, tam sim no ceev 3.0-55.0 A/dm. 3) Tom qab kev siv tiag tiag ntawm kev lag luam, thiab ua piv txwv 10 zaug hauv ib qho 90. Hauv kev sim khoov, cov khoom lag luam tsis raug ntawm cov txheej txheem tshiab yog tswj hwm hauv qab 2 feem pua, thiab lwm yam kev ntsuas kev ua tau zoo raws li cov khoom lag luam zoo.